The Death, Burial and Resurrection of Jesus Christ
Jesus upon the cross
John 19:16-30 16 Then delivered he him therefore unto them to be crucified. And they took Jesus, and led him away. 17 And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha: 18 Where they crucified him, and two other with him, on either side one, and Jesus in the midst. 19 And Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the cross. And the writing was, JESUS OF NAZARETH THE KING OF THE JEWS. 20 This title then read many of the Jews: for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city: and it was written in Hebrew, and Greek, and Latin. 21 Then said the chief priests of the Jews to Pilate, Write not, The King of the Jews; but that he said, I am King of the Jews. 22 Pilate answered, What I have written I have written.
23 Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments, and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also his coat: now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout. 24 They said therefore among themselves, Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be: that the scripture might be fulfilled, which saith, They parted my raiment among them, and for my vesture they did cast lots. These things therefore the soldiers did.
25 Now there stood by the cross of Jesus his mother, and his mother's sister, Mary the wife of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene. 26 When Jesus therefore saw his mother, and the disciple standing by, whom he loved, he saith unto his mother, Woman, behold thy son! 27 Then saith he to the disciple, Behold thy mother! And from that hour that disciple took her unto his own home.
28 After this, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the scripture might be fulfilled, saith, I thirst. 29 Now there was set a vessel full of vinegar: and they filled a spunge with vinegar, and put it upon hyssop, and put it to his mouth. 30 When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.
John 19 The Crucifixion of Christ
Jesus upon the cross John 19:16-30
16 Then delivered he him therefore unto them to be
crucified. And they took Jesus, and led him away. 17 And he bearing his cross
went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the
Hebrew Golgotha: 18 Where they crucified him, and two other with him, on either
side one, and Jesus in the midst.
19 And Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the cross. And the writing was,
JESUS OF NAZARETH THE KING OF THE JEWS. 20 This title then read many of the
Jews: for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city: and it was
written in Hebrew, and Greek, and Latin. 21 Then said the chief priests of the
Jews to Pilate, Write not, The King of the Jews; but that he said, I am King of
the Jews. 22 Pilate answered, What I have written I have written.
23 Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments, and
made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also his coat: now the coat was
without seam, woven from the top throughout. 24 They said therefore among
themselves, Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be: that
the scripture might be fulfilled, which saith, They parted my raiment among
them, and for my vesture they did cast lots. These things therefore the
soldiers did.
25 Now there stood by the cross of Jesus his mother, and his mother's sister,
Mary the wife of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene. 26 When Jesus therefore saw his
mother, and the disciple standing by, whom he loved, he saith unto his mother,
Woman, behold thy son! 27 Then saith he to the disciple, Behold thy mother! And
from that hour that disciple took her unto his own home.
28 After this, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the
scripture might be fulfilled, saith, I thirst. 29 Now there was set a vessel
full of vinegar: and they filled a sponge with vinegar, and put it upon hyssop,
and put it to his mouth. 30 When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he
said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.
Why do you think the description of the method of crucifixion has so few details?
In John’s day, crucifixion was a well know, oft used and ancient means of death.
Why did Pilate write “King of the Jews” for Jesus accusation?
In order to spite the ruling Jews and perhaps to appease in some way his own conscience.
Why did Jesus tell Mary, “Behold thy son” and John, “behold, thy mother?”
Jesus as the first-born son was responsible for the care of his mother since her husband was dead. This was the fulfillment of that responsibility.
How did Jesus fulfill scripture by saying, “I thirst?”
They brought him vinegar to drink as prophecy said they would.
What is the physical and spiritual application of the water and blood flowing from Christ’s side?
Physically, it shows he was truly dead. The blood and water signified a burst heart. Spiritually, it showed a washing of the blood from sin and of water the word or God.
What prophesies are fulfilled in this passage?
Psalms 22:7-8, All they that see me laugh me to scorn:
they shoot out the lip, they shake the head, saying,
8 He trusted on the LORD that he would deliver him:
let him deliver him, seeing he delighted in him.
Psalms 22:17-18 17 I may tell all my bones:
they look and stare upon me. 18 They part my garments among them, and cast lots
upon my vesture.
Psalms 34:20 He keepeth all his bones:
not one of them is broken.
Zechariah 12:10 And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplications: and they shall look upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his firstborn.
What is significant about Nicodemus coming with Joseph to claim the body of Christ?
We now can see that he had believed in Jesus as his Messiah and Savior. He no longer was ashamed or afraid to come to Him.
Vs. 40 In a cathedral in Turin, Italy there is a shroud, a burial cloth that claims to be the linen that Jesus was buried in. It is in one piece and shows the image of a crucified man, complete with wounds on his head, hands, and feet. Without going into the mountains of research on the shroud and just using this Bible passage, how does it compare or contrast to the “shroud of Turin?”
The scriptures plainly say in several places he was wound in linen clothes (plural). The shroud is one piece of cloth folded around a crucified man. When Peter entered the tomb, he found two pieces one that had covered the face the other that had covered the body. The shroud of Turin does not fit the Biblical description of the burial clothes of Christ.
The Day Christ Was Crucified
(No, it wasn’t Friday, and it wasn’t Wednesday either.)
Keep in mind when studying the days and nights of the New Testament times that the Jewish "day" started at sunset, a Roman "day," started at midnight like ours today.
The Israelites used the Roman count of four watches during the night. These began at approximately 9:30 PM, 12:00 midnight, 2:30 AM (the cockcrow watch), and 5 AM. Starting at sunrise they divided the day into "hours." So, when they said that something happened at the 6th hour it was about noon or 6 hours after sunrise, not 6 AM like we would say today.
Most Bible scholars agree that John wrote to the Gentiles and would have used their terms, the Roman terms, for the time of day. In the following chart Roman time is the top bar, while Jewish time is the bottom.
Roman time: midnight to midnight
|
12a Wed 12a |
12a Thur 12a |
12a Fri 12a |
12a Sat 12a |
||||
|
4th day sundown |
5th sundown to sundown |
6th sundown to sundown |
7th sundown to sundown |
|
|||
Jewish time: sundown to sundown
Comparison of possible days Christ died.
Wednesday Crucifixion
|
Saturday Nisan 10th (Weekly Sabbath) |
Triumphal Entry (John 12:12) Inspects the temple but does not cleanse it (Mark 11:11) |
|
Sunday 11th |
Curses the fig tree (Mark 11:12-13) Temple Cleansed (Mark 11:27) |
|
Monday 12th |
Fig tree found withered (Mark 11:20) Olivet Discourse (Matthew 24) |
|
Tuesday 13th |
At Simons House (Mark 14) Passover Preparation |
|
Wednesday 14th Day of the Crucifixion and Burial |
(Mark 14:17-72 Mark 15:1-47) Passover eaten early after sundown Lord’s Supper In The Garden Trials, Crucifixion & Death Burial |
|
Thursday 15th High or Holy Sabbath |
Matthew 27:62-66 First day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread (Numbers 28:16-19) Guard placed Christ in the Tomb
|
|
Friday 16th |
In the Tomb |
|
Saturday 17th |
In the Tomb until Sunset then Resurrected |
|
Sunday 18th |
First Appearances to Disciples early in morning |
This view does provide an exact fulfillment (72 hrs) of Jesus prophecy concerning the prophet Jonah. Matthew 12:40
But it has the triumphal entry, with people cutting branches and animals working, on a Sabbath day. Note Deuteronomy 5:13–14
13 Six days thou shalt labour, and do all thy work: 14 But
the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any
work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy manservant, nor thy
maidservant, nor thine ox, nor thine ass, nor any of thy cattle, nor thy
stranger that is within thy gates; that thy manservant and thy maidservant may
rest as well as thou.
It also doesn’t answer the questions, why didn’t the women come on Friday to anoint Jesus body? If he was crucified on Thursday, they would have come on Friday to anoint His body, not wait until Sunday. And why would Jesus wait until Sunday morning to appear? Wednesday at sundown and 72 hours later means that He would be resurrected at Saturday Sundown, but the earthquake, signifying the opening of the tomb did not occur until Sunday, the first day of the week at sunrise, this is never in dispute.
Thursday Crucifixion
|
Saturday Nisan 9th (Weekly Sabbath) |
Resting in Bethany at Martha’s home |
|
Sunday 10th |
Triumphal Entry |
|
Monday 11th |
Temple Cleansed |
|
Tuesday 12th |
Olivet Discourse |
|
Wednesday 13th |
Anointed (evening) Passover Preparation (next morning) |
|
Thursday 14th Day of the Crucifixion and Burial |
Passover eaten early (right after sundown) Lord’s Supper instituted, prayer in The Garden. Arrested, then trials begin (late at night) last into morning Crucified, dies around 3 pm with the killing of the Paschal lambs Buried just before sundown (same day) |
|
Friday 15th High or Holy Sabbath |
Feast of Unleavened Bread Begins In the Tomb |
|
Saturday 16th Weekly Sabbath |
In the Tomb |
|
Sunday 17th
|
Resurrection early in the morning as it dawns toward the first day of the week. Women arrive to anoint the body (Matt. 28:1) Sabbath is plural in Textus Receptus Earthquake, stone removed First Appearances to Disciples Met with Disciples on Emmaus Road (Luke 24:13) |
This view puts the Triumphal Entry on Sunday rather than Sabbath,
therefore the people would not be breaking the Sabbath, by working.
Though it lacks a full 72 hours in the grave, but note Acts
10:40, Him God raised up the third day,
and shewed him openly; (on the third day, showing that the idea of a full 72
hours was not thought of then, as we do not think of it today, when we say three
days from now.)
The double Sabbaths (regular sabbath and the high sabbath of the beginning of the feast) explains why the women waited to anoint the body. This view also reconciles with Luke 24:21 But we trusted that it had been he which should have redeemed Israel: and beside all this, to day is the third day since these things were done.
Friday Crucifixion
|
Saturday Nisan 9th Weekly Sabbath |
|
|
Sunday 10th |
Triumphal Entry |
|
Monday 11th |
Temple Cleansed |
|
Tuesday 12th |
Olivet Discourse |
|
Wednesday 13th |
Day of Silence |
|
Thursday 14th |
Passover Preparation Passover eaten early Lord’s Supper In The Garden
|
|
Friday 15th Day of the Crucifixion and Burial |
Trials, Crucifixion, Burial |
|
Saturday 16th Weekly Sabbath & High or Holy Sabbath |
In the Tomb |
|
Sunday 17th |
Resurrection First Appearances to Disciples |
This view has only 1 ½ days in tomb and does not fit even
the broadest understanding of 3 days.
It also has to have one full day (Wednesday) with nothing
happening. This seems unlikely with all the events that the Gospels tell us occurred
during the last week of Jesus life.
However it is the simplest interpretation of John 19:31 The
Jews therefore, because it was the preparation, that the bodies should not remain
upon the cross on the sabbath day, (for that sabbath day was an high day,)
besought Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken
away.
Passion Week from the Thursday Crucifixion View
The following is a breakdown of the last week of Jesus life
and shows how the Thursday Crucifixion view best fits the Bible account.
Nisan 8th:
Jesus and all his
disciples arrive from Jericho on the 8th of Nisan. They probably stayed at
Lazarus' house in Bethany for the night after such a long journey. (Matt 20:29-34;
Mark 10:46-52; Luke 18:35-19:28; John 12:1-2).
Nisan 9th:
This is the only
day in the week that could have been the weekly Sabbath due to all the work
being performed on the other days and all the nights Jesus returned to Bethany.
Nisan 10th:
Jesus spent the
night in Bethany. Jesus goes from Bethany to Jerusalem for Triumphal entry
(Matt 21:1; Mark 11:1; & Luke 19:28,29).
Nisan 11th:
Jesus went out of
the city to Bethany for the night (Matt 21:17; Mark 11:11) Jesus goes back into
the city [Jerusalem] early in the morning and curses the fig tree that is near
Bethany (Matt 21:18,19; Mark 11:12).
Nisan 12th
Jesus spend the
night in Bethany (Mark 11:19). Mark indicates that the next morning on the way
from Bethany to Jerusalem they saw the fig tree withered on the way back to the
Temple (the tree was near Bethany). Mark and Matt differ on when they saw it
withered but it is possible one of them didn't see it the night before in the
dark.
Jesus went
into the Temple courts (Matt 21:23; Mark 11:20, 21). This is the day all the
Pharisees, Sadducees and others tried to trap Jesus into saying things that
they could arrest him with. All three gospel accounts are almost word for word
on the events of this day. Jesus then gave the Olivet Discourse before leaving
the city that afternoon while sitting on the Mount of Olives (Matt 21:23-26:1,
Mark 11:20-13:37; Luke 20:1-Luke 21:5).
Nisan 13th
Around sunset
they leave Jerusalem and head for Bethany where they will be eating dinner at
Simon's (Matt 26:6; Matt 14:3, John 12:1-8). They obviously spend the night in
Bethany. Next day (but same day according to Jewish time) the disciples ask
where to prepare the Passover. Jesus tells them where it will be and they go to
make preparations in Jerusalem.
Nisan 14th
Jesus and his
disciples are now in Jerusalem eating their Passover shortly after sunset as
God had instructed in the Exodus and Leviticus passages on Passover. Jesus
retires to the Garden of Gethsemane on the Mount of Olives.
He prays while
his disciples sleep till dark (John 18:3). He is arrested (Matt. 26:20-50; Mark
14:17-46; Luke 22:14-54; John 13:1-18:12). He is tried all through the night
and hung on the cross and dies about 3 PM in the afternoon. He is buried before
sunset (still the same day) because of the High Holy Day coming on for Passover
- Nisan 15.
By counting backwards from the day of the crucifixion it is easy to see that several days in a row could not have been the Sabbath. That leaves only one day that could be a Sabbath: Nisan 9. It is also very logical that Jesus would have rested on this day after such a long trip and especially with all the activities of the coming week and especially the 10th which was one of the most important days of his life. If you add seven days onto the Sabbath of the 9th then you get Nisan 16th as the next Sabbath, which would mean there was a High Holy Day Sabbath on the 15th and then the weekly Sabbath on the 16th, i.e., back-to-back Sabbaths right after the crucifixion. Also, if the 16th was a Sabbath then that made Nisan 14, the day of the Crucifixion, a Thursday.
Luke 24 tells us that on the first day of the week (Sunday),
after Jesus arose, two disciples were walking to Emmaus and were greeted by
Jesus, but they didn't recognize him. They told him what had recently happened
to their Savior and that it had been "the third day since all this took
place." This probably occurred in the afternoon because shortly after this
they are eating dinner in Emmaus (Luke 24:21-29).
The following chart is provided so you can count backwards from Sunday to see which day fits the 3-day requirement.
S = Sunset
(beginning of the Jewish "day")
D = Dawn
(approx. time of resurrection)
3 = 3 PM
(approx. time of crucifixion)
|
Wed. |
Thu. |
Fri. |
Sat. |
Sun. |
|
S - - - D -- - 3- |
S - - - D -- - 3- |
S - - - D -- - 3- |
S - - - D -- - 3- |
S - - - D -- - 3- |
|
NIGHT DAY |
NIGHT DAY |
NIGHT DAY |
NIGHT DAY |
NIGHT DAY |
|
Day 4 |
Day 3 |
Day 2 |
Day 1 |
Day 0 |
If you count backwards from Sunday, before dawn, to Wednesday 3 PM, you get four nights and four days. If you count backwards to Friday, you only get two nights and two days. Thursday is the only combination that produces three days and three nights.
John 20 –21 The Resurrection of Christ
Peter and John see the empty tomb
John 20:3-8 Peter therefore went forth, and that other disciple, and came to the sepulchre. So they ran both together: and the other disciple did outrun Peter, and came first to the sepulchre. And he stooping down, and looking in, saw the linen clothes lying; yet went he not in. Then cometh Simon Peter following him, and went into the sepulchre, and seeth the linen clothes lie, And the napkin, that was about his head, not lying with the linen clothes, but wrapped together in a place by itself. Then went in also that other disciple, which came first to the sepulchre, and he saw, and believed.
Who is “that other disciple?”
John refers to himself this way.
The three words for see or saw in these verses are different words in the Greek.
blepei: Vs. 5 A mere partial viewing of the burial spot form
the entrance to the tomb.
theorei: Vs. 6 beholding something, looking close, examining
it.
eiden: Vs. 8 perceiving to the point of belief.
Does the description of the grave clothes fit the description of the “Shroud of Turin?”
Not at all. These are in two pieces wound about the body. The “Shroud” is one piece folded once and laid from the head down to the feet.
John 20:11–18
11But Mary stood without at the sepulchre weeping: and as she wept, she stooped down, and looked into the sepulchre, 12And seeth two angels in white sitting, the one at the head, and the other at the feet, where the body of Jesus had lain. 13And they say unto her, Woman, why weepest thou? She saith unto them, Because they have taken away my Lord, and I know not where they have laid him. 14And when she had thus said, she turned herself back, and saw Jesus standing, and knew not that it was Jesus. 15Jesus saith unto her, Woman, why weepest thou? whom seekest thou? She, supposing him to be the gardener, saith unto him, Sir, if thou have borne him hence, tell me where thou hast laid him, and I will take him away. 16Jesus saith unto her, Mary. She turned herself, and saith unto him, Rabboni; which is to say, Master. 17Jesus saith unto her, Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended to my Father: but go to my brethren, and say unto them, I ascend unto my Father, and your Father; and to my God, and your God. 18Mary Magdalene came and told the disciples that she had seen the Lord, and that he had spoken these things unto her.
Why doesn’t Mary react to the angels or recognize Jesus when he first speaks to her?
Shock and deep grief prevent her from seeing what would be obvious in a normal situation.
What finally causes Mary to recognize Jesus?
Jesus calls her by her name.
Explain why Jesus told Mary, “touch me not?”
Literally, the phrase means “don’t cling to me.” Jesus was not going to continue living on the
earth. His relationship with Mary and
the other disciples would no longer involve His physical presence, with them, on the earth. Jesus also needed her to carry a message to the disciples.
Jesus appears before the disciples.
Why did Jesus breath on the disciples?
He gave them the indwelling of the Holy Spirit as he had
promised in John 14:17. They would not be without God's guidance until the Day of Pentecost.
What authority did Jesus give them?
The authority to forgive or retain the sins of others.
How is this authority administered?
Through the gospel, which is given to all freely but conditionally. If they accept the gospel their sins are forgiven if they reject it their sins remain.
Thomas was absent at the first appearance and did not accept the testimony of the others. When Jesus appeared the second time, what was Thomas reaction?
Faith, even without having to touch the scars. His statement, “My Lord and My God” is one of the strongest and plainest in scripture.
Vs. 29 What does Jesus say about faith and signs after Thomas’ confession?
Those who believe without seeing are blessed. A greater faith and therefore a greater blessing for those who could not see Jesus.
Vs. 30-31 What is the purpose of John only recording the certain miracles of Jesus?
To cause belief without seeing to those who followed.
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