The Death, Burial and Resurrection of Jesus Christ from the Book of John
By Pastor Kris Minefee
John 19 The Crucifixion of Christ
Jesus upon the cross John 19:16-30
Why do you think the description of the method of
crucifixion has so few details?
It was a well know and ancient means of death.
Why did Pilate write “King of the Jews” for Jesus
accusation?
In order to spite the ruling Jews and perhaps to appease in
some way his own conscience.
Why did Jesus tell Mary, “Behold thy son” and John, “behold,
thy mother.”
Jesus as the first born son was responsible for the care of
his mother since her husband was dead.
This was the fulfillment of that responsibility.
How did Jesus fulfill scripture by saying, “I thirst.”
They brought him vinegar to drink as prophecy said they
would.
What is the physical and spiritual application of the water
and blood flowing from Christ’s side?
Physically, it shows he was truly dead. The blood and water signified a burst
heart. Spiritually, it showed a washing
of the blood from sin and of water the word or God.
What prophesies are fulfilled in this passage?
Psalms 22:7-8, 17-18; 34:20; Zech 12:10
What is significant about Nicodemus coming with Joseph to
claim the body of Christ?
He had believed in Jesus, and was now no longer ashamed or
afraid.
Vs. 40 How does this verse compare or contrast to the
“shroud of Turin?”
The scriptures plainly say in several places he was wound in
linen clothes (plural). The shroud is
one piece of cloth folded around a crucified man.
The Day Christ Was Crucified.
The Jewish "day" starts at sunset, a Roman
"day," started at midnight like ours today.
The Israelites used the Roman count of four watches during
the night. These began at approximately 9:30
PM, 12:00 midnight, 2:30 AM (the cockcrow watch), and 5 AM. Starting at sunrise they divided the day into
"hours." Thus when they said
that something happened at the 6th hour it was about noon or 6 hours after
sunrise, not 6 AM like we would say today.
Most scholars agree that John wrote to the Gentiles and
would have used their terms for the time of day
Roman time: midnight to midnight
12a Wed 12a
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12a Thur 12a
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12a Fri 12a
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12a Sat 12a
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4th day
sundown
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5th
sundown to sundown
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6th
sundown to sundown
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7th
sundown to sundown
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Jewish time: sundown to sundown
Comparison of possible days Christ died.
Wednesday Crucifixion
Saturday Nisan 10th
(Weekly Sabbath)
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Triumphal Entry( John 12:12)
Inspects the temple but does not cleanse it (Mark 11:11)
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Sunday 11th
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Curses the fig tree (Mark 11:12-13)
Temple Cleansed (Mark
11:27)
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Monday 12th
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Fig tree found withered (Mark 11:20)
Olivet Discourse
(Matthew 24)
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Tuesday 13th
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At Simons House (Mark 14)
Passover Preparation
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Wednesday 14th
Day of the Crucifixion and Burial
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(Mark 14:17-72 Mark 15:1-47)
Passover eaten early after sundown
Lord’s Supper
In The Garden
Trials,
Crucifixion & Death
Burial
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Thursday 15th
High or Holy Sabbath
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Matthew 27:62-66
First day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread (Numbers
28:16-19)
Guard placed
Christ in the Tomb
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Friday 16th
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In the Tomb
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Saturday 17th
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In the Tomb until Sunset then Resurrected
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Sunday 18th
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First Appearances to Disciples early in morning
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This provides an exact fulfillment (72 hrs) of Jesus
prophecy concerning the prophet Jonah.
Matthew 12:40
Has triumphal entry with people cutting branches and animals
working on a Sabbath day. Note Deut 5:14
Why didn’t the women come on Friday to anoint Jesus body?
Why would Jesus wait until Sunday morning to appear?
Thursday Crucifixion
Saturday Nisan 9th
(Weekly Sabbath)
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Resting in Bethany at Martha’s home
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Sunday 10th
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Triumphal Entry
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Monday 11th
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Temple Cleansed
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Tuesday 12th
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Olivet Discourse
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Wednesday 13th
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Anointed (evening)
Passover Preparation (next morning)
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Thursday 14th
Day of the Crucifixion and Burial
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Passover eaten early (right after sundown)
Lord’s Supper instituted; prayer in The Garden.
Arrested, then trials begin (late at night) last into
morning
Crucified, dies around 3 pm with the killing of the
Paschal lambs
Buried just before sundown (same day)
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Friday 15th
High or Holy Sabbath
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Feast of Unleavened Bread Begins
In the Tomb
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Saturday 16th Weekly Sabbath
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In the Tomb
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Sunday 17th
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Resurrection early in the morning as it dawns toward the
first day of the week.
Women arrive to anoint the body (Matt. 28:1) Sabbath is
plural in Textus Receptus
Earthquake, stone removed
First Appearances to Disciples
Met with Disciples on Emmaus Road (Luke 24:13)
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Puts Triumphal Entry on Sunday rather than Sabbath.
Lacks a full 72 hours in the grave, but note Acts 10:40
Double Sabbaths explains why women waited to anoint the
body.
Reconciles with Luke 24:21 (see chart below)
Friday Crucifixion
Saturday Nisan 9th
Weekly Sabbath
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Sunday 10th
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Triumphal Entry
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Monday 11th
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Temple Cleansed
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Tuesday 12th
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Olivet Discourse
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Wednesday 13th
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Day of Silence
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Thursday 14th
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Passover Preparation Passover eaten early
Lord’s Supper
In The Garden
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Friday 15th
Day of the Crucifixion and Burial
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Trials, Crucifixion, Burial
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Saturday 16th
Weekly Sabbath & High or Holy Sabbath
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In the Tomb
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Sunday 17th
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Resurrection
First Appearances to Disciples
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Has only 1 ½ days in tomb.
Has to have one day (Wednesday) with nothing happening.
Simplest interpretation of John 19:31
The following is by Lori Eldridge and taken from her website
http://www.prophezine.com/
Nisan 8th:
Jesus and all his
disciples arrive from Jericho on the 8th of Nisan. They probably stayed at
Lazarus' house in Bethany for the night after such a long journey. (Matt 20:29-34;
Mark 10:46-52; Luke 18:35-19:28; John 12:1-2).
Nisan 9th:
This is the only
day in the week that could have been the weekly Sabbath due to all the work
being performed on the other days and all the nights Jesus returned to Bethany.
Nisan 10th:
Jesus spent the
night in Bethany. Jesus goes from Bethany to Jerusalem for Triumphal entry
(Matt 21:1; Mark 11:1; & Luke 19:28,29).
Nisan 11th:
Jesus went out of
the city to Bethany for the night (Matt 21:17; Mark 11:11) Jesus goes back into
the city [Jerusalem] early in the morning and curses the fig tree that is near
Bethany (Matt 21:18,19; Mark 11:12).
Nisan 12th
Jesus spend the
night in Bethany (Mark 11:19). Mark indicates that the next morning on the way
from Bethany to Jerusalem they saw the fig tree withered on the way back to the
Temple (the tree was near Bethany). Mark and Matt differ on when they saw it
withered but it is possible one of them didn't see it the night before in the
dark.
Jesus went
into the Temple courts (Matt 21:23; Mark 11:20, 21). This is the day all the
Pharisees, Sadducees and others tried to trap Jesus into saying things that
they could arrest him with. All three gospel accounts are almost word for word
on the events of this day. Jesus then gave the Olivet Discourse before leaving
the city that afternoon while sitting on the Mount of Olives (Matt 21:23-26:1,
Mark 11:20-13:37; Luke 20:1-Luke 21:5).
Nisan 13th
Around sunset
they leave Jerusalem and head for Bethany where they will be eating dinner at
Simon's (Matt 26:6; Matt 14:3, John 12:1-8). They obviously spend the night in
Bethany. Next day (but same day according to Jewish time) the disciples ask
where to prepare the Passover. Jesus tells them where it will be and they go to
make preparations in Jerusalem.
Nisan 14th
Jesus and his
disciples are now in Jerusalem eating their Passover shortly after sunset as
God had instructed in the Exodus and Leviticus passages on Passover. Jesus
retires to the Garden of Gethsemane on the Mount of Olives.
He prays while
his disciples sleep till dark (John 18:3). He is arrested (Matt. 26:20-50; Mark
14:17-46; Luke 22:14-54; John 13:1-18:12). He is tried all through the night
and hung on the cross and dies about 3 PM in the afternoon. He is buried before
sunset (still the same day) because of the High Holy Day coming on for Passover
(Nisan 15).
CONCLUSION:
By counting
backwards from the day of the crucifixion it is easy to see that several days
in a row could not have been the Sabbath. That leaves only one day that could
be a Sabbath: Nisan 9. It is also very logical that Jesus would have rested on
this day after such a long trip and especially with all the activities of the
coming week and especially the 10th which was one of the most important days of
his life. If you add seven days onto the Sabbath of the 9th then you get Nisan
16th as the next Sabbath, which would mean there was a High Holy Day Sabbath on
the 15th and then the weekly Sabbath on the 16th, i.e., back-to-back Sabbaths
right after the crucifixion. Also if the 16th was a Sabbath then that made
Nisan 14, the day of the Crucifixion, a Thursday.
Luke 24 tells us that on the first day of the week (Sunday),
after Jesus arose, two disciples were walking to Emmaus and were greeted by
Jesus, but they didn't recognize him. They told him what had recently happened
to their Savior and that it had been "the third day since all this took
place." This probably occurred in the afternoon because shortly after this
they are eating dinner in Emmaus (Luke 24:21-29).
The
following chart is provided so you can count backwards from Sunday to see which
day fits the 3 day requirement.
S = Sunset
(beginning of the Jewish "day")
D = Dawn
(approx. time of resurrection )
3 = 3 PM
(approx. time of crucifixion)
Wed.
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Thu.
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Fri.
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Sat.
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Sun.
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S - - - D -- - 3-
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S - - - D -- - 3-
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S - - - D -- - 3-
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S - - - D -- - 3-
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S - - - D -- - 3-
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NIGHT DAY
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NIGHT DAY
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NIGHT DAY
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NIGHT DAY
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NIGHT DAY
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Day 4
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Day 3
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Day 2
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Day 1
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Day 0
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If you count
backwards from Sunday, before dawn, to Wednesday 3 PM, you get four nights and
four days. If you count backwards to Friday you only get two nights and two
days. Thursday is the only combination that produces three days and three
nights.
John 20 –21 The Resurrection of Christ
Peter and John see the empty tomb John 20:3-8
Who is “that other disciple?”
John refers to himself this way.
The three words for see or saw in these verses are different
words in the Greek.
blepei: Vs. 5 A mere partial viewing of the burial spot form
the entrance to the tomb.
theorei: Vs. 6 beholding something, looking close, examining
it.
eiden: Vs. 8
perceiving to the point of belief.
Does the description of the grave clothes fit the
description of the “Shroud of Turin?”
Not at all. These are
in two pieces wound about the body. The
“Shroud” is one piece folded once and laid from the head down to the feet.
Vs. 11-18 Why doesn’t
Mary react to the angels or recognize Jesus when he first speaks to her?
Shock and deep grief prevent her from seeing what would be
obvious in a normal situation.
What finally causes Mary to recognize Jesus?
He calls her name.
Explain why Jesus told Mary, “touch me not?”
Literally, the phrase means “don’t cling to me.” Jesus was not going to continue living on the
earth. His relationship with Mary and
the other disciples would not involve his physical presence.
Vs. 19-31 Jesus appears before the disciples.
Why did Jesus breath on the disciples?
He gave them the indwelling of the Holy Spirit as he had
promised in John 14:17.
What authority did Jesus give them?
The authority to forgive or retain the sins of others.
How is this authority administered?
Through the gospel, which is given to all conditionally. If they accept the gospel their sins are
forgiven if they reject it their sins remain.
Thomas was absent at the first appearance and did not accept
the testimony of the others. When Jesus
appeared the second time, what was Thomas reaction?
Faith, even without having to touch the scars. His statement, “My Lord and My God” is one of
the strongest and plainest in scripture.
Vs. 29 What does Jesus say about faith and signs after
Thomas’ confession?
Those who believe without seeing are blessed. A greater faith and therefore a greater
blessing for those who could not see Jesus.
Vs. 30-31 What is the purpose of John only recording the
certain miracles of Jesus?
To cause belief without seeing to those who followed.