Thursday, May 31, 2018

Minor Prophets, Major Power: Lesson 1 Background and Survey OT Prophecy

Minor Prophets, Major Power

Lesson 1 Background and Survey OT Prophecy


Habakkuk 3:16 When I heard, my belly trembled; my lips quivered at the voice: rottenness entered into my bones, and I trembled in myself, that I might rest in the day of trouble: when he cometh up unto the people, he will invade them with his troops. 17  Although the fig tree shall not blossom, neither shall fruit be in the vines; the labour of the olive shall fail, and the fields shall yield no meat; the flock shall be cut off from the fold, and there shall be no herd in the stalls: 18  Yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will joy in the God of my salvation. 19  The LORD God is my strength, and he will make my feet like hinds’ feet, and he will make me to walk upon mine high places.
 

The Old Testament Books of Prophecy

The OT concludes with 17 books of prophecy, beginning with Isaiah. These represent the ministries of 16 men of God who warned, exhorted, and encouraged a divided Israel and Judah in the troubled 400-year period of their decline, downfall, exile, and restoration:

Event or Person(s)
Date(s)
Historical Record
Israel and Judah divide
931 b.c.
Elijah and Elisha (major "nonwriting" prophets)
875-800
The 16 "writing" prophets (Isaiah-Malachi)
850-450
2 Kings 8-Nehemiah

The OT canon divides the prophetic books into the four longer or "major" prophets (including Lamentations), which are in chronological order, followed by the 12 "minor" prophets, whose chronology is less exact.

Following are the approximate dates of each prophet's ministry:

Obadiah (850-840 b.c.)
Joel (835-796)
Jonah (790-760)
Amos (760-750)
Hosea (760-720)
Isaiah (740-690)
Micah (740-690)

Fall of northern kingdom (Israel) (722)

Nahum (630-612)
Zephaniah (632-621)
Habakkuk (612-605)
Jeremiah (627-580)

Fall of southern kingdom (Judah), exile (586)

Lamentations (586)
Ezekiel (592-570)
Daniel (580-536)

First return of exiles from Babylon (538)

Haggai (520)
Zechariah (520-480)

Second and third returns from Babylon (457 and 445)

Malachi (430) - Willmington's Bible Handbook.

The Twelve Minor Prophets

The Books - List the 12 minor prophets.
Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi

Why are they called “minor?”
Title originated in Augustine’s time (late 14th century) and refers to their size in comparison to the larger books of prophesy.

How does the Hebrew Bible title these books?
They are considered as one book and entitled “The Twelve.” Originally, they were contained in one scroll.

Reason for Prophets

God uses prophets in four ways.
Instruction of the great truths about God and man.
Warning and appeal to those living in sin.
Comfort and exhortation to those trusting and obeying God.
Predictions of events to comes.

Three Groups of Minor Prophets

Prophets of Israel from 931 to 722 BC
Jonah, Amos, Hosea

Prophets of Judah from 931 to 586 BC
Obadiah, Joel, Micah, Nahum, Zephaniah, Habakkuk

Post-Exilic Prophets (after the restoration of Judah)
Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi


Main Subjects of Prophets

Instruction and Exhortation (forthtelling)
Prediction and Exhortation (foretelling)

The Four Prophetic Points

                                                                         

Two Messianic Themes

The suffering Messiah (Zech 13:7)
The Reigning Messiah (Zech 14:9,16)

Why were the prophets not aware that there were two comings separated by thousands of years?
God did not grant them that knowledge. They saw the events but not the amount of time in which those events would transpire.

The Minor Prophets are more frequently quoted in the New Testament than the Major Prophets.
Story of Jonah – Mat 16:4; Luke 11:30; Mat 12:39-41
Amos 9:11-12 – Act 15:16-17
Hosea 1:9-10 – Rom 9:25; 1Pet 2:10
10:8 – Luke 23:30 11:1 – Mat 2:15 6:2 – 1 Cor 15:4
13:14 – 1Cor 15:55; 6:6 – Mat 9:13; 12:7

 Conclusion

The “Minor Prophets” are minor only in the amount of writing they did in comparison to Isaiah, Jeremiah and Daniel. The themes they expound and the sins they condemn are powerful and just as relevant today as they were when Israel and Judah were turning from God.
In our nation today we need to hear the words of men like the minor prophets. Men who are not afraid to say, Thus sayeth the Lord and without apology speak the truth of God’s judgment against sin and His mercy to forgive if those who hear will but repent.

Tuesday, May 29, 2018

Women of Faith #4: Mary’s Memorial


Women of Faith #4: Mary’s Memorial

Text: Matthew 26:6-13, John 12:1-8

Audio Link
Video Link
 

Introduction: 
This Monday is Memorial Day.
Memorial Day, originally called Decoration Day, is a day of remembrance for those who have died in our nation's service.  There are many stories as to its actual beginnings, with over two dozen cities and towns laying claim to being the birthplace of Memorial Day.  There is also evidence that organized women's groups in the South were decorating graves before the end of the Civil War: a hymn published in 1867, "Kneel Where Our Loves are Sleeping" by Nella L.  Sweet carried the dedication "To The Ladies of the South who are Decorating the Graves of the Confederate Dead" (Source: Duke University's Historic American Sheet Music, 1850-1920). 

Memorial Day was officially proclaimed on 5 May 1868 by General John Logan, national commander of the Grand Army of the Republic, in his General Order No.  11, and was first observed on 30 May 1868, when flowers were placed on the graves of Union and Confederate soldiers at Arlington National Cemetery.  By 1890 it was recognized by all of the northern states.  The South refused to acknowledge the day, honoring their dead on separate days until after World War I, when the holiday changed from honoring just those who died fighting in the Civil War to honoring Americans who died fighting in all wars.  It is now celebrated on the last Monday in May.

Joke: Which Service
One Sunday morning, the pastor noticed little Alex was staring up at the large plaque that hung in the foyer of the church.  The plaque was covered with names, and small American flags were mounted on either side of it.
The seven-year old had been staring at the plaque for some time, so the pastor walked up, stood beside the boy, and said quietly, " Good morning Alex."
"Good morning pastor," replied the young man , still focused on the plaque.
" Pastor McGhee, what is this?" Alex asked. "Well , son, it's a memorial to all the young men and women who died in the service."
Soberly, they stood together, staring at the large plaque. The Pastor sensed that some strong questions were running through the boys mind and he prepared himself to answer them as best he could.
Little Alex's voice was barely audible when he asked, " Pastor?”
“Yes, son.”
“Did they die in the morning or the evening service?”

When you think of the monuments and memorials, things like the Great Pyramids, the 7 wonders of the ancient world, the Lincoln, Washington, Jefferson Memorials, or our own San Jacinto monument, you realize that great events and great acts of history are marked by these memorials. These memorials were made so that those events would not be forgotten. So then, when you consider that, how great is the memorial that Jesus Christ the Son of God declared would never be forgotten. Turn to Matthew 26-6

Mary’s Message Matthew 26:6-9

Now when Jesus was in Bethany, in the house of Simon the leper, There came unto him a woman having an alabaster box of very precious ointment, and poured it on his head, as he sat at meat. But when his disciples saw it, they had indignation, saying, To what purpose is this waste? For this ointment might have been sold for much and given to the poor.

Parallel passage John 21:1-6
 Then Jesus six days before the Passover came to Bethany, where Lazarus was which had been dead, whom he raised from the dead.  There they made him a supper; and Martha served: but Lazarus was one of them that sat at the table with him. Then took Mary a pound of ointment of spikenard, very costly, and anointed the feet of Jesus, and wiped his feet with her hair: and the house was filled with the odour of the ointment. Then saith one of his disciples, Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son, which should betray him, Why was not this ointment sold for three hundred pence, and given to the poor? This he said, not that he cared for the poor; but because he was a thief, and had the bag, and bare what was put therein.

Mary Pours Out Her Love

This event begins what we call the Passion week, the last week of Jesus life on earth before he is arrested, falsely accused, illegally tried and then cruelly crucified on a cross at Golgotha.
A dinner is given for Jesus at the house of Simon the leper, probably a man that Jesus had healed and definitely no longer a leper for it was forbidden by the law to have company with a leper until he had been declared healed by a priest. We know nothing else about him except what these scriptures tell us.

John tells us that Jesus’ friends Mary, Martha and Lazarus are at the dinner and that once again Martha is serving while Mary is closest to Jesus. It was often the custom in Jesus day for the guest of honor to have his head anointed with perfume, but this anointing goes far beyond the ordinary custom. Mary not only anoints the head of Jesus, but also his feet as he reclined at the table and then washes his feet with her hair.

The Bible tells us that the ointment was spikenard a plant imported all the way from India at great cost in an alabaster bottle which was a non-porous marble used to hold perfume. The cost of the perfume is given at 300 pence, which is a translation of the Greek word denarius. In the time of the New Testament a Denarius was a days wage and so the spikenard poured upon Jesus in this one act of devotion was equal to about a year’s wages. If we convert that to today’s wages her anointed of Jesus would be worth around $45,000 dollars.

The disciples, led by Judas, murmur and then speak outright saying this was a waste and that the perfume could have been sold and given to the poor. John makes sure that we know, Judas has his own motives and reason for wanting to sell the perfume instead of giving it to Jesus. The word indignation used here in the Greek means to snort in contempt. But the Lord understands, and he is the one who counts.

Some have wondered where this money came from. Were Martha, Mary and Lazarus rich, was this a family heirloom, how did they come by so much money to purchase the extravagant gift of love? I believe that the money come from Mary’s dowry, this was usually a necklace of coins that was carefully saved by the parents so that they could arrange a good marriage for their daughter. In this case the parents of Mary seem to be gone and it is Mary’s choice to take her dowry, her assurance of a good marriage and well secure future and sell it, that she might pour it out in one great, beautiful gift of love and devotion on her Saviour and friend, Jesus.

Pouring Out Our Love

How do we show our love of Jesus? He is not here physically, that I might do as Mary did. How can I today show my devotion, my love for the One who loved me, and paid for my sin by his suffering and death on the cross?

I think this occurs when we give ourselves, our lives and our possession in the cause of Christ today. Some will call it a foolish and silly waste. Some may even resent that you give your time, your money, your love or your life to the cause of Christ.

Yet, if your motive is like Mary’s, your love for Jesus Christ, if you are doing it for God then His opinion is all that matters. It is never waste, no matter how extravagant the gift if it is done for Jesus our Lord.

Illustration: Watchman Nee

Watchman Nee was a Chinese Christians, who grandfather was an Anglican and his mother a Methodist. He was a very influential preacher and established many churches and an institute for training Christian students in China. He worked for 30 years and then was arrested after the Communist Revolution and spent the last 20 years of his life in a communist prison doing hard labor and often being beat daily by the guards. When he died in 1972 his family was not notified and only after the cremation were they allowed to come and see the ashes. One guard who had be sympathetic to Nee showed the family a note that Nee had written and kept under his pillow in the cell. It simply said, “Christ is the Son of God who died for the redemption of sinners and resurrected after three days. This is the greatest truth in the universe. I die because of my belief in Christ. - Watchman Nee.”
Watchman Nee wrote many books but his most famous is the Normal Christian Life and the last chapter is dedicated to the story of Mary and her anointing of Jesus.

“The idea of waste only comes into our Christianity when we underestimate the worth of our Lord. The whole question is: How precious is He to us now? If we do not think much of Him, then of course to give Him anything at all, however small, will seem to us a wicked waste. But when He is really precious to our soul, nothing will be too good, nothing too costly for Him; everything we have, our dearest, our most priceless treasure, we shall pour out upon Him, and we shall not count it a shame to have done so.

Transition:  Mary was willing to face criticism and to sacrifice because what she was doing was worthwhile, it counted for something greater than the moment. She knew why she did it and that was enough.

Mary’s Motive Matthew 26:10-12

When Jesus understood it, he said unto them, Why trouble ye the woman? for she hath wrought a good work upon me. For ye have the poor always with you; but me ye have not always. For in that she hath poured this ointment on my body, she did it for my burial.

Mary’s Motive was Love for Jesus

Mary did it for her Love of Jesus. Jesus said, she hath done a good work upon me. The Greek word for "good" is kalon and can be translated as appealing, and beautiful. To Jesus it was beautiful because it was such a true expression of her deepest love.

She did it knowing he must die. Mary had sat at the feet of Jesus and knew that believed that He had returned to Jerusalem at such a dangerous time for one reason. He came to die. Jesus said, she has done this for my burial.

She poured out this valuable gift, she poured out her future upon Jesus, because she did not dare wait to lavish her love upon her Savior.

Do you realize that Mary was the only one who was able to anoint the body of Jesus for his burial. The other women who came the first day of the week were too late, Jesus had risen from the grave, 
only Mary and her love were able to anoint him, because her love for Him would not let her wait.

What Motivates Us?

What is motivating us as Christians to do the things we do? What is motivating us to give what we give? Is our motivation to get to heaven? Are we making a deal with God or others? Are perhaps we are motivated by a fear of punishment for not doing what we should? Is there a fear of failing or of displeasing our parents, Pastor?

By the way, let me assure you that fear of Pastor as a motivation is way overrated. 
Joke:  Pastor eating after revival up in the mountains.  “You sure have an affectionate little pig there.”  “Yeah, I guess that’s because you’re eating out of his dish.”

Those kind of motivations will never build a lasting memorial. If your life will count, if it will be remembered, then you must serve and sacrifice because of a deep and abiding love, the love for Jesus Christ.

Scripture: I Corinthians 13:13
Now abideth Faith, Hope and Love but the greatest of these is Love.

Illustration:  When do I die?

There is a story told of a very young boy who had a little sister who was very sick.  The doctors told the parents the only thing that could save the girl was a blood transfusion from a sibling.  The parents went to the little boy and told him, your sister is dying but if you would be willing to give her your blood she could live. The little boy looked very serious and asked, “Can I go to my room to think about it?”  The parents were a little surprised that it should be such a hard decision but said yes. About dinner time the brother came down and said, “I’ve thought about it and prayed about it and I think I should give my blood.”  The parents thanked him and told him he was doing the right thing.  Though they couldn’t understand why he seemed so sad and serious.

The day of the procedure arrived and the boy was taken to the hospital, placed on a bed and a IV needle put into his vein to draw blood.  In a few moments the nurse smiled and said, “There, all done.  Now your sister can get better.”  The little boy, with tears in his eyes then asked the nurse, 

“When will I start to die?”  You see the little boy didn’t realize that his giving blood would not cost him his life.  He went to the hospital that day fully ready to die for the little sister he loved.
The boy was mistaken in his understanding of transfusions, but he was not wrong in his understanding of love. When you love someone, really love someone, no cost is too high. When the one you love is Jesus Christ than not gift can be considered too much, and no act to great. 

Transition:  Now let’s look at what Jesus said about Mary’s gift and why it still stands today as a memorial to her and her love for Christ.

Mary’s Memorial Matthew 26:13

Verily I say unto you, Wheresoever this gospel shall be preached in the whole world, there shall also this, that this woman hath done, be told for a memorial of her.

Mary’s Memorial Continues Today

Jesus the Son of God, the One who live in eternity, the one who better than anyone else could knew what a memorial should really be, said this about Mary and he never said it about anyone one else.
“Wherever the Gospel is preached Mary of Bethany is known.” Mary kneeling at the feet of Jesus listening, Mary running to meet him in times of sorrow, Mary anointing his head and feet with the gift of her love.

In millions of Bibles copied and printed since the time of Christ, the story of Mary is recorded. In thousands of nations across the old and now the new world, the story of Mary has been heard. In millions of sermons preached in a millions of churches the story of Mary is proclaimed. If ever we inhabit Mars or another planet and they have a Christian who shares the Gospel then even there Jesus has promised, the story of Mary will touch hearts and stand as a memorial.

What memorial will We Leave?

We will never leave a memorial such as Mary did that day. We did not live in her time, we did not have her opportunity. But that does not mean we cannot build a memorial without lives today in the same way that Mary built hers. With your actions, choices, and commitments we are all building a memorial.

If it would be a lasting memorial, if it would be one that touches the lives of our family and friends, if it would be a memorial that will even touch eternity, then it must be built like Mary’s at the feet of Jesus Christ.

Illustration:  Edinburgh Castle Memorial

   Towering over Edinburgh, Scotland, is the Edinburgh Castle. And in the midst of very old buildings is the World War I memorial. It carries a quotation from Thucydides: “The whole earth is the tomb of heroic men, and their story is not graven only on stones over their clay, but abides everywhere, without visible symbol, woven into the stuff of others' lives.” - Robert C. Shannon, 1000 Windows
If we would desire that story woven into the stuff of other’s live to truly last then it must be woven with the threads of eternity, and like Mary’s on the loom of the Gospel. Great deeds may be remembered for generations, but most are forgotten in a matter of a few years, but what we do for Christ, what we lavish upon Him will last for eternity.

God’s Word says, “For other foundation can no man lay than that is laid, which is Jesus Christ. Now if any man build upon this foundation gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, stubble; Every man’s work shall be made manifest: for the day shall declare it, because it shall be revealed by fire; and the fire shall try every man’s work of what sort it is. If any man’s work abide which he hath built thereupon, he shall receive a reward.” (1 Corinthians 3:11-14 AV)

Conclusion: 

Watchman Nee - Let me give a personal instance. In 1929 I returned from Shanghai to my home town of Foochow. One day I was walking along the street with a stick, very weak and in broken health, and I met one of my old college professors. He took me into a teashop where we sat down. He looked at me from head to foot and from foot to head, and then he said: ‘Now look here; during your college days we thought a good deal of you and we had hopes that you would achieve something great. Do you mean to tell me that this is what you are?’

Looking at me with penetrating eyes, he asked that very pointed question. I must confess that, on hearing it, my first desire was to break down and weep. My career, my health, everything had gone, and here was my old professor who taught me law in the school, asking me: ‘Are you still in this condition, with no success, no progress, nothing to show?’

But the very next moment, …the thought of being able to pour out my life for my Lord flooded my soul with glory. Nothing short of the Spirit of glory was on me then. I could look up and without a reservation say: ‘Lord, I praise Thee! This is the best thing possible; it is the right course that I have chosen!’ To my professor it seemed a total waste to serve the Lord; but that is what the Gospel is for—to bring us to a true estimate of His worth. …If the Lord is worthy, then how can it be a waste? He is worthy to be so served. He is worthy for me to be His prisoner. He is worthy for me just to live for Him. He is worthy!